Skills in Management and Leadership System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Skills in Management and Leadership System. Answer: Introduction This self-reflection reviews my skills in management and leadership since these are important to the different adjustments needed to improve any organizational plans. I have well reviewed the strengths in my leadership and management programs. I have assessed myself by gathering adequate information about my leadership style from different people I work with. Here, I have shown my personal visions and my management style and I have also established those vital areas I have to enhance so that I become a competent leader. I have carried out a self-assessment through different assessment tolls to assess my personality.(Arens, 2016). I have formulated a good plan known as Smart, from the different information. SMART is an acronym for Specific, Measurable, Action Oriented, Realistic and Time bound. I have always aspired to be a transformational leader, a leader willing to share his /her vision, a leader who always motivates his team and committed to his work. I intend motivate my subordinates by setting goals appropriately that makes them comfortable when working towards them. Setting goals appropriately makes the staff interested in their work(Brennan, 2016). I hope and feel that this is how the department visualizes its leaders, to help and improve the organizational plans. Nonetheless, this type of leadership is quite challenging to enforce since some of the staff do not really follow the goals set. This has made me acquire other characteristics of a leader, where I either reward or punish my staff. There was one time the competencies of the staff were questioned since they were producing insufficient test results. A good leader should be able to assess himself/herself and understand well the knowledge about things. A person who is able to identify the strengths and areas necessary for development will always be able to set realistic goals. Also, he will be in a better position to use his strengths to ensure development. I have done a thorough assessment on myself as per the Big Five Locator Questionnaire tool and have also drafted a short Myers Briggs type Indicators to show my real type of personality(James H. McMillan, 2008). The sample picture for the questionnaire with score before improvement is shown below. I have identified the main qualities from that assessment tool and they do not only correlate with my leadership principles and conceptions but also point out the different roles I play as leader. I was not even sure that I possessed some of the qualities. I am a confident, supportive, focused, determined and motivated leader(Spiller, 2012). The above qualities have also been identified by my class mates, peers and even my workmates. These qualities are essential for the good leader and I have to improve these qualities by doing different activities. I could improve my qualities and scores high in all the above like 78 in emotional stability and then 62, 73, 59, 60 respectively in other. I also tend to be not confident, slow with disciplinary actions, and failure to identify failure among staff, which all point to a transactional leader. The Leadership qualities framework process has made me be more critical on decisions I make and also reflect on everything I do. This process though effective has also been quite discomforting since some of the feedback undermine my styles of leadership. Nevertheless, this is not the case with other participators hence this process is just fine and efficient(Chuang, 2013). The process emphasized on the major strengths I possess; this was dependent with my total scores. My average scores for this questionnaire was 55. The following figure shows the personality rating for each average scores. I was able to assess the major strengths and qualities during the process. Additionally, I had to improve on some certain areas so that I could become a good and effective leader. I designed action plans on the three key areas I had to improve on. These areas were; Improve on time management, develop and enhance my ability to face colleagues and also improve self-confidence(Folkman, 2010 ). To improve on the key areas mentioned above I have again formulated different action plans for each area. The first objective plan was to improve on the skills of managing time. Poor management of time creates a bad undesirable view for all the people in an organization. The LQF states that poor time management sets low standards to other people in that organization(Chuang, 2013). It is also good to note that those objectives left to be dealt on almost during the deadline will cause poor rushed outcomes which affect the entire project quality(Chuang, 2013). The deadline can also be missed if I dont deal with the original tasks at hand. Additionally, based on the Self-Monitoring Questionnaire results, I have identified that I really need to improve on long term planning and also view things in a bigger picture. Yet, this is quite challenging especially when I am dealing with other tasks and it can also hinder efficiency in doing tasks. Concurrently, I am quite approachable and open to any of my colleagues and friends which have always caused interruptions leading to difficulty in doing ta sks before the deadline. I have affirmed the approachable personality after conducting an Interpersonal Skills Checklist Questionnaire, as shown in a sample image below. I am going to explore strategies mostly based on Brian Tracy and Stephens techniques of improving personal effectiveness(Tracy, 2013). Before I do all that, I have the urge of first finding a solution on how to minimize unnecessary digressions and interruptions. I have the feeling that if I have more time to work and remain uninterrupted then I will be able to effectively achieve my goals and objectives. I will have to close my door for certain hours and should work properly on my task for quality work and I should be in contact with people around me. I will then improve on clarity; this is a vital principle in personal efficiency. Clear objectives and goals will help improve productivity and prevent assigning jobs at future dates. I will first document what my desired achievement score is since it will help me visualize my main aims. At that time, I will also set deadlines for my goals, enabling me know the urgency of the objectives. I will also plan for the future, documenting anyt hing essential. At last, I will immediately take action on the plans. I will then build my clarity on the objectives and goals as I plan ahead. Taking some time to make the plan will help to save a lot of time wasted in the long run. I will list out the objectives, which I need to achieve in a month, week or day, and any objective I have achieved I will cancel it in my list (James M. Kouzes, 2013). James M. and Kouzes also explains that the monthly and weekly lists will increase efficiency and effectiveness, and lastly improve on drive and motivation since a person is able to visualize on his/her achievements. This will generate that forward motion in doing tasks. The strategies are quite essential evaluating tools that enable assessment of my achievements and progress. This action plan is in line with the Quadrant II theory where I have to balance my life in work and the urgent and more important issues. Four quadrants have been designed and this includes the following; Reflecting on my practice and from the results in LQF, I am in the first quadrant, a person who deals with the most urgent and important tasks first then look at other tasks. The assessors stated that I liked Fire-fighting at work, by that they meant that I deal with the most immediate challenge rather than planning ahead. This has a negative effect on improvement and development which are quite essential to improvement plan (James M. Kouzes, 2013) . The above will lead to stress, burnouts, poor management of crisis and hence make a person be a far less efficient and ineffective leader. I will have to constantly look at my task list and assess my work and achievement. The second plan will into look at improving my ability to face people or group members at different levels in a good way. Facing workmates occurs every time at all levels, so I have to do it in a more managed way. The report from the LQF stated that I tend to shy away from confronting other workers and just look away even when things are not done accurately(Nafari, 2016). I rather let standards fall down and not confront the workers. The comments above were mostly stated by my peers who I have to agree were true since I dont actually face them when they make mistakes. I also had difficulty in dealing with conflicts. Conflicts occur when the workplace have different staff members of different backgrounds. This leads to different ways on how to approach them making working environment very difficult. I will evaluate the plan well enough by noting the achievements and also looking at the experience. I will then write a diary of the problems I have already dealt with and then concentrate on those not yet done this will help ensure good confrontation with conflicts(James H. McMillan, 2008). I will also have to learn from experiences and also identify the successful outcomes and even those not successful and even try to know why they exist that way. I will also try to look at some of my strengths as shown in the LQF. Some of the qualities necessary in dealing with conflicts include the following; confidence, good communication skills, and so many more. Finally, I will have to improve my self-confidence. In the assessment tool I learnt that most of the people see me as a person who is confident and has inspiring and motivational qualities. To some extent this is not true since sometimes my confidence level gets low. I always afraid of change, failure and conflicts and this greatly affects my progress. The results from the assessment tool showed that I am afraid of taking risks, which is true since my peer comments also indicated the same(Folkman, 2010 ). I will definitely need to improve on my skills of managing time and also the feeling of not acquiring the non-urgent but quite important tasks and occasionally working on immediate issues also affects a persons confidence. I will have to address this particular issue of not achieving positive outcomes when it comes to dealing with confidence levels. The more I achieve positive outcomes more my confidence level will increase. Winning confrontations should not only be the reason but a lso we should focus on obtaining positive outcomes. The first strategy to improve on my confidence will be to formulate organizational tasks and plan sheets. When I manage to work out one task, I cross it out then highlight it as a small win. This will create momentum and a feeling of achievement. I will rate the key results on a ten-point scale that will help identify the weaknesses and strengths. I will learn from the weaknesses and even train well enough to eliminate the lack of confidence(Brennan, 2016). The key results in my lists will be discussed with my workmates and later be reviewed by my manager. The achievements or the goals I have achieved will help acquire confidence and a feeling of accomplishment. The assessment on my achievement has been on either a win or lose situation, but I am currently working towards the win -win habit and this will definitely improve my self confidence. The direct report I have assess most of my accomplishments by the win or lose situation and this shows that anything I achieved having won outc ome, which actually leads to lack of confidence. The action plan will be mostly assessed by the accomplishments and achievements. My task sheets and all the plans, I may have will be assessed on a monthly, weekly or even daily basis. This will help me understand the tasks I have accomplished(Nafari, 2016). Task rating and even further training will also be assessed to know if there are improvements building on confidence. I will also reflect on confrontations and conflicts and especially aim for the win -win situation. Managing to do all that will help me achieve satisfactory outcomes and also help to build my confidence. Conflicts within the departments and resentment from my peers at work will also be reflected upon and even find solutions on how to do away with those problems. Conclusion In conclusion, it is true that all the plans I have form a link towards each other. An effective leader is one who is loved by his workmates and that is what I am trying to achieve. When I achieve all that and become an effective leader, then even my colleagues will have no reason to hate my leadership skills and the different styles I use to manage the different departments. This will minimize confrontations and also reduce conflicts within the departments. Moreover, improving on managing of time and minimizing confrontations and conflicts will help me gain confidence at the work place. My confidence has always been affected by the poor methods of managing confrontations and the increased number of tasks that are incomplete. References Arens, T. E., 2016. Assessing Leadership Skills of College Student Leaders: What Do We Learn From Their Experience?, s.l.: s.n. Brennan, S., 2016. Goal setting Your Way to Academic Success, s.l.: s.n. Chuang, S.-F., 2013. Essential Skills for Leadership Effectiveness in Diverse Workplace Development Workplace Development. Online Journal for Workforce Education and Development , 6(1), pp. 1-23. Folkman, J., 2010 . Top 9 Leadership Behaviors that Drive Employee Commitment, s.l.: Zenger Folkman. James H. McMillan, J. H., 2008. Student Self-Assessment:The Key to Stronger Student Motivation and Higher Achievement, s.l.: HORIZONS. James M. Kouzes, B. Z. P., 2013. Student Leadership Practices Inventory, s.l.: s.n. Nafari, J., 2016. Servant Leadership and Servant Leader's Attributes, s.l.: Amir Kabir University of Technology. Spiller, D., 2012. Assessment Matters: Self-Assessment and Peer Assessment, s.l.: Teaching Development| W?hanga Whakapakari Ako. Tracy, B., 2013. Time Mangement, New York: Amacom.

Essay about Management of Company

Questions: 1. How well does Googles approach to performance management meet the five criteria for effectiveness of a performance management system? How well does it fit with the companys mission to organize information and make it universally accessible and useful? 2. What errors could arise in the way Google collects performance data on managers? How could it minimize these errors? 3. Suppose you are responsible for delivering performance feedback to managers at Google. How would you present the information so as to promote the managers success at the company? Answers: Answer 1: The management of the company focused on building performance measures in the specified key areas and this helped the company to evaluate the performance of the managers and recognized those who required improving in the specified areas. Therefore, it can be stated that the approach adopted by Google towards performance administration convene the principles for helpfulness of the performance management scheme. It can be stated that it is required for the managers to be a good coach and secondly, it is necessary to express interest in the success of the team members along with the personal well-being (Green et al., 2012). The main aim of the company at this moment is to develop better managers and in order to do that, they have been looking deeply into data. At that point of time, the HR Vice President of the company condensed its results into a catalog of specified behaviors. Therefore, it can be stated that Googles approach to the performance management fits properly with the missio n of the company to organize information and make this universally accessible as well as useful (Rabl et al., 2012). Answer 2: In this part, it is required to find out the mistakes that could happen in the procedure Google gathers performance statistics on the managers in difference mistakes. These blunders might take place when an individual is compared against other workers as a substitute of the objective standard. Apart from that, it can be stated that one more mistake is the distributional issue and this takes place when they only use one part of the rating scale. The halo error that could take place is when the bias is in a favorable direction. Rolstadas (2012) has stated that the halo error can mistakenly inform the employees they do not tell the employees that they do not need to enhance in any areas, while horns errors can cause the employees to feel frustrated and defensive. Apart from that, it can be stated that the central tendency errors takes place when appraisers rate all the workers as the average or in the center of the scale. However, it can be stated that Leniency errors takes place when t he assessors rate all the workers as performing specifically well. Answer 3: In this part, it is required to give an overall progress that is an analysis of accomplishments and the shortcomings. It is necessary to discuss any issue that might have encountered in meeting the job requirements and set up some long and the short term goals in order to make sure that they are fixing the issues. The presentation is required to be in a motivating way, so that the managers feel interested enough to use this feedback for enhancing their present performance in the organization. The report is required to deliver to the managers in confidential manner, as the managers might not like to disclose the reports to other employees in the organization. The entire process is required to be in a systematic manner and the managers as well as the employees are required to involve in a particular manner (Van Dooren et al., 2015). Conclusion After completion of the entire task, it can be stated that this particular research work has tried to focus on approach of Google towards performance management in order to meet the five effective criteria for the effectiveness of the performance system. Moreover, focus has been shed on the errors that might arise in the way Google collects data on performance management on the managers. References Green Jr, K. W., Zelbst, P. J., Meacham, J., Bhadauria, V. S. (2012). Green supply chain management practices: impact on performance.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(3), 290-305. Rabl, T., Gmez-Villamor, S., Sadoghi, M., Munts-Mulero, V., Jacobsen, H. A., Mankovskii, S. (2012). Solving big data challenges for enterprise application performance management.Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment,5(12), 1724-1735. Rolstadas, A. (Ed.). (2012).Performance management: A business process benchmarking approach. Springer Science Business Media. Van Dooren, W., Bouckaert, G., Halligan, J. (2015).Performance management in the public sector. Routledge.

Acid Rain Essays (868 words) - Environmental Chemistry, Free Essays

Acid Rain Essays (868 words) - Environmental Chemistry, Free Essays Acid Rain Acid Rain The damaging effects of acid rain on society is becoming overwhelmed with great amounts of pollution from cars, factories and an large amounts of garbage. The immense amounts of sulphur dioxide put into the air causes high levels of acid in the atmosphere. When this sulphuric acid is absorbed into moisture in the air, then rain can be harmful to the environment. Acid rain is destroying lots of things in our environment. It is hurting lakes, air and thew rest of our ecosystem. Acid rain is killing lakes and decreasing the number of animals in these lakes. Acid rain greatly lowers the amounts of pH in the water. Each decade the pH levels of lakes around Ontario have become ten times more acidic. The high acid levels contained in lakes also causes a decrease in the number of fish living in these lakes. Also the high amounts of acid in the water can lead to fish being deformed. They have messed up and out of shape backbones, flattened heads and strangely curved tails. When there gets to be a lot of acid in the water, then there is barely anything left besides rock bass, pumpkinseed and lake herring. As with sulphur dioxide in rain, mercury is also discharged into the water. There is a direct connection between the mercury rich lakes as there is with those with high acidic levels. This metal becomes concentrated in the blood and tissues of fish. Acid rain causes traumatic effects in natural lakes and rivers. Acid rain causes air quality to deteriorate. As in water, acid rain causes the pH levels in the air to decrease. The sulphur dioxide, which diffuses into the air, mixes with moisture causing the pH levels to drop from the normal level. Again, the normal level is somewhere around seven, yet in some acidic air masses the levels can be as low as three. These lowered pH levels form a photochemical smog in the atmosphere. In the air Anitrogen oxides react with ozone and some hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight to form photochemical smog, the kind of yellow-grey haze which it literally alive and growing in stagnant air [emailprotected] (Howard protected] (Howard & Perley, 1980, p. 32). Disruption in the life span of trees and plants is also another effect of acid rain. The acid rain corrodes the thin, waxy layer, which coats and protects the leaves letting the acid suffocate the leaves. This can cause an interference in the plants metabolism and photosynthesis may be altered meaning the leaves cannot produce and efficient amount of food which may result in death of the plant. Acid may obtrude fertilization , stunt or kill the growth of seeds and make them sterile. A second generation would be

Symbols Of Freedom And The Values They Represent Essays

Symbols Of Freedom And The Values They Represent Essays Symbols of Freedom and the Values They Represent American symbols are almost as complicated and interpretive as the American politics they serve. In my first grade class, before the boy scouts were kicked out of meeting in public schools, they made us do the Pledge of Allegiance. This frightened me; being put into a class where these lunatic people talked to a piece of cloth hanging on the wall, and in my fear they sent me back to kindergarten. When I reached the first grade for the second time, they taught that the red stripes were for the blood of dead soldiers, and the white ones for flesh. The blue was for the night sky they fought under, and the fifty stars represented every state in the union (no one mentioned that there were only thirteen at the time of the revolution). As a Sophomore in High School, we studied Humanities, and learned that the colors of the American flag mimicked the colors of the French one due to copious amounts of money donated by the French. Perhaps their intention was not so much to aid the colonists, but to hinder the British they had quarreled with for so many years. In any event, Humanities taught that the colors of the flag were a money matter. As for the representation of American values, perhaps paying tribute to one's debts and loyalties is what is evident here. The Confederacy (Citation to see attached) said that white was for, "innocence and purity"; red symbolizing, "valor and hardiness"; and blue marking, "vigilance, perseverance, and justice." No official record of the original intention behind the coloring of the United States flag has been found to date. American coins are characterized not only by monetary values out of proportion to size (nickels to dimes) but by the Latin phrase, "E Pluribus Unum" or >Out of many, one.' This is most likely symbolic of early Americans' commitment to voting together and then acting together in the manner which they had pledged. One could also apply it to the fifty (then thirteen) states coming together to form one common country. adventure.com/library/encyclopedia/america/libbell.html The Ring Of Freedom July 4, 1776 PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA For more than 200 years, the Liberty Bell has been one of the most visible symbols of American freedom. Made in England, the bell was brought to Philadelphia in 1753 and hung in the new Pennsylvania State House, which is now known as Independence Hall. The bell is inscribed with the words "Proclaim Liberty throughout all the Land," which is a phrase found in the Bible (Leviticus 25:10). On July 4, 1776, the bell was rung when the members of the Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence. This began an Independence Day tradition that was observed every year, except in 1777 and 1778, when the British captured Philadelphia and the bell was hidden for safe keeping. The last time the bell was rung was in 1846, when a small crack in the bell grew so large that it could no longer be sounded. But it is still seen by millions of people each year when they visit Philadelphia's Liberty Bell Pavilion. Copyright 8 1996 Knowledge Adventure, Inc. All Rights Reserved. http://libertynet.org/iha/betsy/index.html This material is copyright by, and used with permission of, the Independence Hall Association. For further information, visit the Independence Hall Association's Home Page on the World Wide Web at http://libertynet.org/iha What do the red, white, and blue of the flag represent? The Continental Congress left no record to show why it chose the colors. However, in 1782, the Congress of the Confederation chose these same colors for the Great Seal of the United States and listed their meaning as follows: white to mean purity and innocence, red for valor and hardiness, and blue for vigilance, perseverance, and justice. According to legend, George Washington interpreted the elements of the flag this way: the stars were taken from the sky, the red from the British colors, and the white stripes signified the secession from the home country. However, there is no official designation or meaning for the colors of the flag. Why are the stars in a circle? The stars were in a circle so that no one colony would be viewed above another. It is reported that George Washington said, "Let the 13 stars in

Evaluate the claim that biometric technology is a viable and effective Essay

Evaluate the claim that biometric technology is a viable and effective alternative to traditional security methods - Essay Example Experts suggest that biometric technology is the most viable and efficient security measure compared to traditional methods, therefore, the paper aims to validate this claim. Discussion Biometric is the automatic person identification depending on the behavior or physiological attributes of that person. This authorization strategy identifies and verifies a person based on who he is before giving him access permission. The quest for increasingly reliable method of authorization to protect company information has called for biometric revelation and various companies and businesses have shown increased interest in the method. Commonly used physical biometrics is fingerprints, geometry of palms, characteristics of the face and retina, (Schuckers, 2010, p.89). Similarly, behavioral attributes are things such as voice recognition, patterns of keystroke, peoples’ signatures and gait and these technologies, voice recognition and signature are highly developed. Biometric security metho ds are indeed most effective authentication method compared to traditional methods such as smart cards and PINS or both. ... Technical support managers may have difficult time offering instructions to PIN users who have challenges with more basic associated technologies of signing in to certain network. Therefore, biometric technologies are more promising because they solve such problems and relieve the company of such expensive cost of hiring technical support staff, because in a system that uses one log in, biometric technology will be efficient in user authentication. Increasing number of organizations are recognizing biometric method efficiency in various applications, for example, in hospitals traditional methods are being replaced with biometric methods for authentication of users to ensure patients information privacy and confidentiality. Traditional methods such as swipe cards and passwords can be lost or stolen, and bad password management has left users writing passwords on papers and other materials or choosing general and possible works for faster remembrance, an activity that expose such pins to fraud and intruders. Biometric technologies, on the other hand, can be viable and efficient methods in solving these problems because they have strong techniques of authorization and authentication that can assure users of excellent security, (United States, 2004). Similarly, because biometric techniques uses user’s behavioral and physiological attributes in authentication and authorization, it is easy to detect and trace fraud and intrusion, (Ratha and Jain, 2005, p.85). Unlike traditional methods of authentication based of known characteristics – such as passphrases, smart cards – biometric techniques utilize distinct human traits such as voice recognition and prints of fingers that cannot be misplaced, forgotten, or lost. This is because human

Respond to classmate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Respond to classmate - Essay Example Diversity brings together people with different beliefs and cultures. These people view situations in different perspectives and if brought together, they will make good ethical decisions. If the instructors had employed a check and balance system, the students would have been placed in groups. Moreover, the instructors would have demanded a report on each stage of the processes; hence, ethics violations could have been avoided. I appreciate that I have been able to understand the relationship between ethical decision-making and diversity because it is critical and exists. A combination of the two methods of implementing programs leads to successful teaching. Since realists hold to the traditional scientist values and constructivists on the other hand, implement art and creativity in the science-based disciplines, the science aspects taught are well absorbed by the students. The creativity aspect encompasses modern ways to handle situations (Rainer, 2011). I agree with you because, for the millennials, traditional values demoralize them as they engage in some extra-curricular school activities as well as science-based disciplines (Rainer, 2011). This was evident from few numbers of students that participated in sports as well as school clubs. A new club introduced in the school encompassed designing projects using latest technologies. The students were creative and many projects involved a lot of science technologies as well as engineering. They then converted their free time to designing projects and this way, they perfected their science-based skill s. It is therefore evident that these two methods, when combined together yield better

Cyber Terrorism A Global Menace Criminology Essay

Cyber Terrorism A Global Menace Criminology Essay A female American cartoonist, Jeff Smith stated, The threat is there, its very real, If we have a Unabomber who desires to launch an attack with an PC instead of a bomb, there could be a great deal of damage . Computers and the internet are an essential part in modern society undoubtedly. They make our life more convenient as well as enhance our living quality. As the role of computers is tremendous, it stimulated criminals and terrorists to make it their preferred tool for attacking their targets. This kind of modern crime is called cyber terrorism. This transformation in the methods of terrorism form traditional methods to electronic methods is becoming one of the hottest issues in the modern society. Cyber terrorism is a form of terrorism which the criminals use computers and the internet as a medium to commit crimes. Issues surrounding this type of crime have become high-profile, generally those including hacking, computer virus, computer worms and e-mail related crimes. We can easily observe the cases of cyber-related crimes are rising on news, even in local or other countries. In my point of view, Cyber Terrorism is an inevitable phenomenon in an advanced society. The intentions of cyber terrorists using cyberspace as a channel to commit crimes can be defined in different ways. Many people assume that the objective of cyber terrorists are only focus on computer hacking, they only commit crimes through internet. They generally regard that their intention to commit cyber crimes is only for steal data and violate peoples privacy. However, there are another reasons for the criminal to commit cyber crimes. Dorothy Denning stated that Cyber terrorism could also become more attractive as the real and virtual worlds become more closely coupled, with automobiles, appliances, and other devices attached to the Internet. As the cyberspace has the ability to affect an abundant amount of people at one time, its the effective way for criminals to commit crimes through internet with different intentions and purposes. On behalf of explaining the purpose of cyber terrorism, the criminals can be politically intended hacking operations, their purpose is to cause tremendous harm to the society such as loss of life or economic damages. Second, the behaviors of the criminals can be unlawful attacks and threats of attack against computers, networks, and the information stored therein when done to intimidate. Third, the criminals coerce a government or its people for the political or social objectives. Forth, cyber terrorism can be a physical attack that ruins computerized systems for critical infrastructures. (Such as the internet, water supply and telecommunications). Except for the above objectives of Cyber Terrorism, some authoritative organizations also have their own definition on the term of it. The U.S. National Infrastructure protection Center defined cyber terrorism as A criminal act perpetrated by the use of computers and telecommunications capabilities, resulting in violence, destruction and/or disruption of services to create fear by causing confusion and uncertainty within a given population, with the goal of influencing a governme nt or population to conform to particular political, social or ideological agenda. Now we can have a thoroughly understanding of why the terrorists choose cyberspace as a medium to commit crimes. The forms of cyber terrorism are multi-faceted, cyber terrorists use various tools and methods to achieve their purposes. The first mean is hacking. Hacking refers to all forms of unauthorized and illegal methods to access a computer system or a network. Some people are underestimate the harmful effect .Here is a terror example showing the seriousness of hacking. Jimmy Sproles and Will Byras once stated that A British hacker wanted to know what kind of chaos could be caused by penetrating the hospital computer, he hacked into a Liverpool hospital in 1994 and changed the medical prescriptions for the patients. Unluckily, A patient was killed by an overdose of penicillin after the hacker broke into the hospital computers and altered his prescription. The other form of cyber terrorism is Computer Viruses. It is generally a computer program that can infect other computer programs by modifying them in such way as to include a copy of it. They are spreading faster than theyre being halted. Some people are underestimating the harmful effect of computer virus, they think that the virus can only affect the performance on the personal computer, it wont post threat on other aspects. In fact, the virus are very dangerous and its harmful effect are massive. For example, the hospital life-support computer system being stopped by virus could be lethal. In addition, Computer worms are also a typical tool for Cyber terrorism. It is a self-contained program that is able to spread functional copies of itself or its segments to their computer systems. A worm named WANK(1989) infected many computers on a network. If this worm found that it had system privileges, it would change the system announcement message to Worms against Nuclear Killers!.Additionally, Cyber Terrorism are also included some E-mail related crimes. The convenient, ease and speed of email has made it a preferable tool for criminals. The email related crimes are mainly email spoofing, email bombing, threatening ema ils, defamatory emails. Also , its a powerful tool for criminals to spread virus and worms. Criminals are increasingly designed to steal information silently without any noticed by the victims. It is expected that mobile devices are prevalence in our daily life, there may be increasingly targeted victims for attack by the criminals in future. Cyber terrorism can bring negative effect to the individuals, society and even the entire nation tremendously. The actions of criminal hackers are non-stopped all around the globe. They try hard to exploit vulnerabilities in software, violate peoples privacy, steal information, and even shut down computer network malevolently. Lost of properties, being violated of privacy and personal data are the results of hacking by the criminals. Their personal computers will also be infected by virus and worms, it may harm a computer systems data or performance. For the society, criminals could pose serious threaten to the operation of business and governments .The threat is factual, increasing and already has proven costly. Cyber attack ranging from I LOVE YOU virus to the Trinco and the worms RamenLion and Crade Red have cost an estimated $5 billion US dollars. According to Coleman, K. (2003) the internet being down for just one day could disrupt nearly $6.5 billion worth of transactions. Lewi s, J (2002) also states that the Love Bug virus is estimated to have cost computer users around the world between $3 million and $ 15 million. In 2000, A hacker was able to control the computer system that control the flow natural gas through the pipelines in Russia. In 2002, hackers broke into the U.S. Justice Departments website and replaced the departments seal with a swastika, dubbed the agency the United States Department of Injustice and filled the page with obscene pictures.Also, the terrorists might crack into an air traffic control system and take over the complete direction of multiple airplanes. The air collusion between airplanes or crashing an airplane into a building are just two possible results of this action. Cracking into a citys traffic system could have disastrous results. The other possibility of traffic jams and traffic accident would be occurred and its consequences are very serious. The above cases and examples show that the cyber terrorism could seriously af fect the social stability and public security of ones country. Some people may under-estimate the influences of cyber terrorism, they regard the criminals are only targeted on some individuals and business, it wont post a menace to the entire nation. By the way, cyber terrorism can not only affect a specific community of people but the entire nation. Richard Clark once marked They (computers) run our electric power grid, out telecommunications network, they run our railroads, our banking system, and all of them are vulnerable, at some level, to some degree to information warfare, or cyber-terrorism, By the use of the internet the criminals can affect much wider damage than one could kill people. For example, they can destroy the economy of the country by attacking the critical infrastructures in the big towns such as electric power or water supply. Verton, D (2003) points out that the members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) were planning to blow up and destroy six key electric su bstations in London (2003). Had the IRA succeeded in their goal, they would have disrupted power to major portions of London for months at 2003. This example would have been a terror attack and would have threatened the citizens of London. Also, the criminals can post a menace to the security of the nation by targeting the sensitive and secret information by stealing, disclosing or destroy the system of national defense. The menace of cyber terrorism is measureless, its influences is profound, its target can be anyone, it is invisible but exist somewhere around us. It may occur anytime and anywhere all round the world. The criminals could seriously threaten the operation of business and government even the entire nation. As we all know, the capacity of human mind is inscrutable, the methods and tools using by criminals of cyber crimes are changed with each passing day .It is impossible to eliminate the cyber crime from the cyber space. The existence of cyber terrorism can not be denied in the advanced society. Cyber Terrorism is without doubt an inevitable phenomenon in the advanced society. Just like what Daniel, H. mentioned that One of the hot areas right now is tracking down cyber crime and cyber terrorism. The modern world is declared to be a global village, collective efforts should be done across the nations by the governments, business and individuals in order to rectify this worsening situat ion. Word Count : 1628